See you all on Wednesday. (Make sure to have a look at the handout from the previous post before then.)

Chapter 18 (The Age of Enlightenment)

Immanuel Kant: What is Enlightenment?, 1784

http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/kant-whatis.html

The First English Coffee-Houses, c. 1670-1675

http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1670coffee.html

Salon Life

http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/18salons.html

Montesquieu: The Persian Letters, No. 13, 1721

http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/montesq-pers13.html

Voltaire: Patrie, in The Philosophical Dictionary, 1752

http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1752voltaire.html

Daniel Defoe: (On) The Education Of Women, 1719

http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1719defoe-women.html

Recommended:

Condorcet: The Future Progress of the Human Mind

http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/condorcet-progress.html

David Hume: Of the Dignity or Meanness of Human Nature

http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/hume-dignity.html

David Hume: On Miracles

http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/hume-miracles.html

Montesquieu: The Spirit of the Laws, 1748

http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/montesquieu-spirit.html

Gotthold Ephriam Lessing (1729-1781): The Education of The Human Race, 1778

http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1778lessing-education.html

Thomas Paine: Of the Religion of Deism Compared with the Christian Religion

http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/paine-deism.html

Jean Jacques Rousseau: A Dissertation On the Origin and Foundation of the Inequality of Mankind, 1755

http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/rousseau-inequality1-2.html

And here is the promised handout with some fundamental issues to think about when doing your reading next week and while you listen to next week’s lecture.

Have a good weekend.

Chapter 17 (The Scientific Revolution)

Galileo Galilei: Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina of Tuscany, 1615

(Excerpt – up to “…nor is God any less excellently revealed in Nature’s actions than in the sacred statements of the bible. But feel free to read the whole thing.)

http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/galileo-tuscany.html

The Crime of Galileo: Indictment and Abjuration of 1633

http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1630galileo.html

Francis Bacon: from First Book of Aphorisms

http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/bacon-aphor.html

Isaac Newton: The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy (Excerpts)

http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/newton-princ.html

Voltaire (1694-1778): Letters on Newton – from the Letters on the English or Lettres Philosophiques, c. 1778 – First Letter (Letter XIV On Descartes and Sir Isaac Newton)

http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1778voltaire-newton.html

Recommended:

Nicolas Copernicus: From the Revolutions of the Heavenly Bodies, 1543

http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1543copernicus2.html

Robert Bellarmine: Letter on Galileo’s Theories, 1615

http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1615bellarmine-letter.html

Index librorum prohibitorum, 1557-1966 [Index of Prohibited Books]

http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/indexlibrorum.html

Voltaire (1694-1778): On Francis Bacon – from Letters on the English or Lettres Philosophiques, c. 1778

http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1778voltaire-bacon.html

Joseph Priestley: The Discovery of Oxygen

http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1776priestley.html

Benjamin Franklin: Experiments with Balloons, 1783

http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/franklin-science.html

Chapter 16 (The Rise of Sovereignty)

Niccolo Machiavelli: The Prince [Excerpts], 1513

http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/prince-excerp.html

James I: True Law of Free Monarchies

http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/james1-trew2.html

Commonwealth Instrument of Government, 1653

http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1653intrumentgovt.html

Duc de Saint-Simon: The Court of Louis XIV

http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/17stsimon.html

Recommended:

Niccolo Machiavelli: The Prince (Full Text)

http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/basis/machiavelli-prince.html

Jean Domat (1625-1696): On Social Order and Absolute Monarchy

http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1687domat.html

Revocation of the Edict of nantes, October 22, 1685

http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1685revocation.html

Social Conditions in 17^th Century France

http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/17france-soc.html

Chapter 15 (European Expansion)

Witchcraft Documents [15^th Century]

http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/witches1.html

Columbus’ Letter to the King and Queen of Spain, 1494

http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/columbus2.html

Amerigo Vespucci (1452-1512): Account of His First Voyage, 1497

http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1497vespucci-america.html

Recommended:

Tales of the Devil

http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/tales-devil.html

Vasco Da Gama: Round Africa to India, 1497-1498

http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1497degama.html

Ferdinand Magellan’s Voyage Round the World, 1519-1522

http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1519magellan.html

Chapter 14 (The Reformation)

Fourth Lateran Council: Canon 3 on Heresy, 1215

http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/lat4-c3.html

John Wyclif: On the Sacrament of Communion

http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/wyclif-euch.html

Martin Luther: 95 Theses

http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/luther95.txt

Martin Luther: The Freedom of a Christian (Extracts)

http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~dee/REFORM/FREEDOM.HTM

Recommended:

Bernard Gui on the Albigensians

http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/gui-cathars.html

The Great Schism: Manifesto of the Revolting Cardinals, Aug 5, 1378

http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/grtschism1.html

The Grest Schism: University of Paris and the Schism, 1393

http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/grtschism2.html

Pope Gregory XI: The Condemnation of Wycliffe, 1382 and Wycliffe’s Reply, 1384

http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/1382wycliffe.html

Martin Luther: The Freedom of a Christian (Full Text)

http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/luther-freedomchristian.html

Good luck!

Chapter 13 (The Renaissance)

Robert de Courçon: Statutes for the University of Paris, 1215

http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/courcon1.html

Roger Bacon: Despair over Thirteenth Century Learning

http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/bacon1.html

Francesco Petrarch: On the Nature of Poetry

http://history.hanover.edu/texts/petrarch/pet13.html

Giorgio Vasari: Life of Leonardo da Vinci, 1550

http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/vasari1.html

The Book of The Courtier

http://web.archive.org/web/20001216150100/http://www.humanities.ccny.cuny.edu/history/reader/courtier.htm

Recommended:

Medieval Students’ Songs

http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/medievalstudentsongs.html

Roger Bacon: On Experimental Science, 1268

http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/bacon2.html

Francesco Petrarch: To Posterity

http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/petrarch1.html

Petrarch Disclaims All Jealousy of Dante To Boccaccio

http://history.hanover.edu/texts/petrarch/pet05.html

Lorenzo De Medici: Paternal Advice to a Cardinal (c. 1491)

http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/lorenzomed1.html